行动的理由——“信念优先论”反驳Reasons for Action:A Refutation of Belief-First Model
费多益
摘要(Abstract)：
主流的知识论流派主张，行动是内在信念、欲望和意图的直接产物，信念作为行动的前提或必要条件，先于并指导行动。本文对此提出质疑，通过反驳其所隐含的单向度线性逻辑、完全理性预设和信念稳定预设，指出：1.在因果层面，对行动的合理解释必须追溯其理由；理由作为行动的依据，构成了因果链的起点，而非依赖于行动者的信念内容。2.从生成顺序看，理性行动可以无需以信念为中介而快速启动，信念在此则可能是随附或伴随的。3.从本体论角度看，信念不是存储在大脑中的命题，相反，它在行动的流变中不断被重构和激活，其内容依赖具体的执行得以明晰；同时，信念为行动编织意义。信念只是我们响应行动理由的方式，并被行动持续地生成、测试、强化和修正。反驳信念优先论有助于褪去信念的超验光环，使其从享有某种豁免权的地位回归到可以被审视、被检验的认知环节。
关键词(KeyWords)： 行动;信念;理由;响应
基金项目(Foundation): 国家社会科学基金重大项目“个人同一性研究的当代发展”(项目编号：18ZDA029)的阶段性成果
作者(Author): 费多益
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- (1)此处的信念是指命题态度(propositional attitude);此处的行动是指某种由主体(agent)引发的、具有某种意向性(intentionality)的事件。